Noor Rahman
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Missing observations are not zeroes
A failed recorder, a masked call, and zero detections are different findings. How effort, flags, and honest gaps protect an observation record.
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Counting the seals you cannot see
Aerial counts miss seals in water and snow lairs. Haul-out research shows how availability, visibility, survey conditions, and sampling determine what a population estimate can mean.
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A quiet recording is not an empty sea
Recording schedules, changing noise, call rates, and detector thresholds shape acoustic non-detections. A worked comparison shows why silence is not a census of absence.
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Listening for narwhals in Baffin Bay
What a hydrophone can record about narwhal calls, vessel noise, and uncertainty in a changing soundscape.